Wednesday, September 25, 2024

A Journey Through Heritage Durga Pujas in Kolkata

 

Autumn, the season of festivals, arrives adorned with the beautiful crown of Durga Puja. It is not merely a festival but a time for reunions with family and friends and a reconnection with our cultural heritage. While Durga Puja in Kolkata has evolved into a grand carnival, the Bonedi Barir Durga Puja retains its unique glory.

These century-old zamindar families continue to uphold their traditions, celebrated through the delightful flavors of homemade sweets like Naru and Goja, cherished customs, and exquisite handmade gold jewelry. The towering pillars, known as thakurdalan (prayer hall), create a serene atmosphere, preserving the ‘Shabeki’ mood throughout the five days of the Durga Puja festival.

Begin your Kolkata Puja Parikrama from the Banks of the Ganga. North Kolkata is the heart of these historic Bonedi Barir Pujas, with its grandiose zamindar mansions. Let’s explore some of the most iconic ones:




Sova Bajar Rajbari

Sovabajar Rajbari is one of the oldest Durga Pujas in North Kolkata. It’s best to visit early, as long queues can form. Additionally, you can purchase tickets for the ‘bhog’ prepared by traditional sweet-makers, known as Viyan.

Loaction: 33 &36 Raja Naba Krishna Street, Sovabajar. Kolkata- 700005 Opposite Jaypuria College, Near Sovabajar Sutanuti Metro Station.

History: The Durga Puja at Sovabajar Rajbari dates back to 1757, when it was inaugurated by Raja Naba Krishna Dev. Over the years, its guest list has included notable figures such as Lord Clive and Warren Hastings, solidifying its status as one of the most prestigious Pujas in Kolkata. According to legend, Maa Durga comes to enjoy the music in the Nachghar (dance room) during this time.

Specialty: On ‘Bijaya Dashami’, a Nilkantha bird was traditionally released. Due to the Wildlife Preservation Act, a clay model of the bird is now immersed with the Durga idol. 

Rani Rashmoni’s Durga Puja

Add Rani Rashmoni house to your Kolkata Puja Parikrama list must. It is celebrated in Janbajar now. 

Location: 13 Rani Rashmoni Road. Kolkata- 7000013

History: Rani Rashmoni, the queen of Janbajar, is renowned as the founder of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple. Her father-in-law, Babu Pitaram Marh (Das), initiated the Durga Puja in their household before Rani's marriage in 1974. Today, the Hazra family continues this traditional celebration.

Specialty: The ‘Aatchala’ idol and traditional ‘Daaker Saaj’ decorations touch the heart, preserving the aura of old-world charm.

Laha Bari

Laha Bari has been celebrating the Durga Puja festival at their residence for nearly two centuries. Today, the puja encompasses various branches of the family across different locations.

Location: 2A, Bidhan Sarani. Kolkata: 700004 or 121, Muktaram Babu Street. Kolkata: 700007 or 50A, Kailash Bose Street. Kolkata- 7000014 or 1, Bechu Chaterjee Street. Kolkata- 700009

History: Two centuries ago, the late Bhagabati Charan Laha initiated the puja. Maa Durga is worshipped in the Hara Gouri form, where Gouri is seated on the lap of Lord Shiva with his eyes closed. Throughout the puja days, the Astadhatu Jai Jai Ma is also worshipped at the Thakur Dalan.

Specialty: Instead of traditional ‘anna bhog’, Maa Durga offers an array of 20 types of homemade sweets, including ‘tiler naru’, ‘narkel naru’, ‘paan goja’,  ‘pantua’ and many more.

Thanthania Dutta Bari

Dwarika Bhawan has been worshipping Maa Durga as the daughter of the house for nearly 170 years. Following the Baishnav tradition, the family joyfully welcomes and reveres Maa Durga during the festival.

Location: 3 Bidhan Sarani.Kolkata- 700006 Near College Street. Opposite Thanthania Kali Bari.

History: Dwarikanath Dutta started this Puja in 1855 after a dream of Shiva and Durga in the Hara-Gouri form.

Specialty: The women of the family actively engage in unique rituals such as ‘Dhuno Porano’ and ‘Kumari Sadhaba Puja’. These traditions are rich and deeply rooted in Vaishnav beliefs, reflecting the family's devotion. The tradition of wearing heirloom ornaments, including the 'noth' (nose ring) and 'mal' (anklet), from Prathama (first day) to Dasami (tenth day) during Durga Puja holds deep cultural significance. Plan to visit Dwarika Bhawan during Durga Puja 2024 to immerse yourself in the beauty of this cherished Bengali culture.

Maniktala Saha Bari

The Maniktala Saha Family boasts a rich heritage that dates back over a century and a half, rooted in the legacy of their ancestors who migrated from Allahabad. Saha Family started Durga Puja a century ago.

Location: 122A, Maniktala Steet. Kolkata: 700006

History: Originally engaged as prominent salt merchants, the  Saha family played a crucial role in the salt trade, which was a significant industry in colonial India. Their success in this trade not only brought them wealth but also led to their acquisition of vast zamindari (landholding) across the city of Kolkata. One of the most remarkable aspects of the Saha Family's legacy is their Durga Puja, which has been celebrated for around 150 years. 

Specialty: The family’s ancestral residence is a large, white-colored mansion located at the bustling junction of Vivekananda Road and Maniktala Street. This historic house stands as a testament to the family’s prominence. One of the defining features of the mansion is the spacious Thakurdalan inside. This traditional architectural element, often seen in old Bengali zamindar homes, is a pillared courtyard or open space designed specifically for hosting religious rituals, particularly Durga Puja.

Darjipara Mitra Bari

The Darjipara Mitra Family’s Durga Puja is one of the most renowned celebrations in North Kolkata, much like the Sovabajar Rajbari. In the past, two Nilkantha birds were released during the immersion of the deity on Dashami. However, this ritual has been discontinued due to the Wildlife Preservation Act.

Location: 19, NIlmani Mitra Street. Kolkata: 700006

History: Durgacharan Mitra, a prominent figure in the Mitra family, served as the court jeweler for Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah. He initiated the family’s Durga Puja in 1809. Following in his footsteps, his nephew Nilmoni Mitra upheld the family’s legacy. Eventually, his grandson Radhakrishna Mitra revived the Durga Puja with great enthusiasm and splendor in their home.

Specialty: The family worships goddess Durga with 108 Aparajita flowers instead of lotus. Idols’ faces are different, including the lion also. The Chala is named ‘Muttchouri’. The top three different Chala represent the Mahashakti of the Shakta faith. On the last day of puja women’s meal comprised of ‘sukto’, ‘shaak’, ‘mach’ and  ‘achar’ as a part of ‘bhog’. 



Jorasanko Daw Bari

It is believed that Maa Durga visited different Bonedi Baris in Kolkata during her stay. She comes to the Abhay Charan Mitra house at Kumartuli for a meal, adorns herself with jewelry from the Jorasanko Daw Bari, and enjoys the musical evenings at the Shovabajar Rajbari.

Location: 12A, Shiba Krishna Dawn Lane. Kolkata: 700007

History: In 1840, Gokul Chandra Dawn initiated the Durga Puja at Jorasanko Daw Bari. After his time, his adopted son, Shib Krishna Dawn, carried forward the tradition, and now the descendants of the Dawn family continue to celebrate the puja with grandeur. This legacy has made the Jorasanko Daw Bari Puja one of the most iconic in Kolkata.

Specialty: At Jorasanko Daw Bari, Maa Durga is adorned with stunning gold ornaments, and the chalchitra (backdrop) is crafted exclusively from gold. The family deities are dressed in intricate diamond and emerald jewelry, most of which was imported from Europe. With its magnificent thakurdalan (prayer hall) and hanging balconies, the house stands as a piece of living history. The younger generation and Durga Puja enthusiasts are encouraged to include this house in their Kolkata Puja Parikrama for its rich heritage and splendor. Although now the house is often used for film shootings, it remains a major attraction during the festive season.

Kabiraj Family Durga Puja

The Kabiraj family Durga Puja is closely linked to Ganga Prasad Sen, a renowned disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Deb and also his personal physician.

 Location: 17 Kumartuli Street, Kolkata-700005, near Kumartuli Ghat

 History: Ganga Prasad Sen, following in the footsteps of his father, Nilambar Sen—a famous physician from Dhaka (now in Bangladesh)—achieved great success in the field of medicine. He eventually settled by the banks of the Ganga River, where he established the Kabiraj Bari. In 1840, he initiated the Durga Puja, and the tradition has been carried forward by his descendants ever since.

Specialty: The unique aspect of this Durga Puja is the positioning of Ganesh and Kartika—Ganesh is placed on the left side of Goddess Durga, while Kartika is on the right, which is uncommon in most traditional depictions. Although the family once practiced animal sacrifice, this custom has since been discontinued.

Chhatu Babu Latu Babu’s Durga Puja

Ramdulal Niwas, the iconic red-colored house on Beadon Street, is home to one of Kolkata’s oldest and most famous Bonedi Puja celebrations.

Location: Ramdulal Niwas 67E, Beadon Street, Kolkata- 700006

History: The Puja is named after Ramdulal Sarkar’s two sons, Asutosh (Chhatu) and Pramatha (Latu), giving rise to the names Chhatu Babu and Latu Babu. Ramdulal Sarkar, a wealthy and humble businessman, initiated the Durga Puja in 1770, and the family has preserved this rich tradition for centuries.

Specialty: Maa Durga arrives at Ramdulal Niwas accompanied by her two attendants, Jaya and Bijaya, both seated on lotus flowers. The goddess is adorned with elegant heirloom ornaments, including the exquisite "Naulakha Necklace." As part of the bhog offering, simple luchi is served along with three types of vegetables, all prepared in ghee without salt.

South Kolkata, too, upholds its rich tradition and heritage through the observance of Durga Puja at various Bonedi houses, continuing rituals that have been passed down for generations. Durga Puja 2024 would be incomplete without visiting these iconic pujas, where the essence of tradition remains alive and vibrant.

Sabarna Roy Chowdhury Aatchala Durga

The Roy Chowdhury family once owned the three villages of Sutanuti, Gobindopur, and Kalikata, which were later acquired by the East India Company. These villages eventually merged to form the city of Calcutta, now known as Kolkata. The family claims to host the oldest Durga Puja in Kolkata, with a legacy deeply intertwined with the city's history.

Location: 26, Sabarna Para Road. Kolkata: 700008. Near Tollygunge Metro Station.

History:  Laxmikanta Majumder initiated the ‘Aatchala’ Durga Puja in 1610. Later, the Majumder family was honored with the title of Roy Chowdhury by the Mughal court. This centuries-old tradition has continued for nearly 400 years, and today, eight branches of the family celebrate the puja individually, preserving the customs passed down through generations.

Specialty: Be sure to visit the house during the four days of the puja celebration to witness the magnificent Aatchala Durga Pratima. Notably, the days of Navami and Dashami are filled with various cultural programs that showcase the vibrant traditions associated with this auspicious occasion.

Jagat Ram Mukherjee Family Puja

The Mukherjee house, nestled in a narrow lane along Diamond Harbor Road, may appear ordinary, but it is renowned for its ‘Sonar Durga’. Each brick of this house tells a story, making it a living testament to history and tradition.

Location: 56, Bramha Samaj Road. Behala. Kolkata: 700034

History: Originally from Jessore (now in Bangladesh), Jagat Ram Mukherjee, the organizer of this Durga Puja, first moved to Barrackpore before finally settling in Behala. In 1769, he began the Durga Puja with a pledge to his daughter in the form of a ‘ghot puja’. The following year, he initiated the worship of a clay model of Maa Durga. His grandson, Jadunath Mukherjee, later introduced the Golden Durga in 1869, marking a significant evolution in the family’s puja tradition.

Specialty: The ‘chalchitra’ is crafted from an eight-metal alloy, featuring the deities Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesh, and Kartik seated within it.

5 Essential Tips for Visiting Bonedi Barir Puja in Kolkata

  • Use Google Maps for directions to the specified addresses, and don’t hesitate to ask locals for assistance if needed.
  • Plan your visit for a suitable time, as each Bonedi house adheres to strict puja schedules.
  • The Bonedi houses warmly welcome visitors, bloggers, and photographers, so be respectful and cooperative during your visit.
  • Dress in ethnic attire, as this is a family-oriented occasion.
  • Remember to remove your shoes and socks before stepping onto the ‘Thakurdalan’ (Prayer Hall).

Bottom Line

The Durga Puja festival holds a unique emotional significance in Kolkata. As the most important festival for Bengalis, it has been recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, marking a prestigious moment for both the Bengali community and the city of Kolkata. So don’t miss it!

Disclaimer

This is not an exhaustive list of Bonedi Barir Pujas, as numerous celebrations take place in the old alleys of Kolkata. If you are aware of any such pujas, please let me know, and I will gladly include them here with gratitude. This blog has been crafted using information from various sources, so if you spot any factual errors, please inform me, and I will be sure to rectify them.

Pic Courtesy: Google, @SarbajeeDutta


 


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